1.分区
新硬盘在使用前,首先进行分区
查看现有的磁盘和分区
root@archiso ~ # cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
11 0 677888 sr0
8 0 20971520 sda
7 0 558296 loop0
将磁盘转换为GTP分区,分一个UEFI分区出来,这里是512MB
root@archiso ~ # parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mklabel msdos ---与上一行不能同时 ,这里对应mbr分区
(parted) mkpart primary 1 512M
(parted) print free
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
17.4kB 1049kB 1031kB Free Space
1 1049kB 512MB 511MB primary
512MB 21.5GB 21.0GB Free Space
(parted) mkpart primary 512 -1
(parted) set 1 boot on
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
查看磁盘分区
root@archiso ~ # cfdisk
Disk: /dev/sda
Size: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Label: gpt, identifier: 626D962E-99F4-494E-9E29-F3E60167A6D4
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
>> /dev/sda1 2048 999423 997376 487M EFI System
/dev/sda2 999424 41940991 40941568 19.5G Linux filesystem
2.挂载必要的分区
格式化UEFI分区为FAT32格式,主目录为EXT4格式
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5117696 4k blocks and 1281120 inodes
Filesystem UUID: bb36fb49-3b9e-4225-9548-8f98c1df0cee
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
挂载分区
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
root@archiso ~ # cd /mnt
root@archiso /mnt # mkdir -p boot/efi
root@archiso /mnt # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
root@archiso /mnt # cd /etc/pacman.d
3.修改镜像源到本地
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # mv mirrorlist{,.orig}
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # nano -w mirrorlist
Server = https://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
4.进行安装
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware mdadm dhcpcd nano openssh
5.配置系统
生成fstab文件 (使用 -U or -L 来使用 UUID 或 labels):
# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
6.change root到新的系统中:
# arch-chroot /mnt
7.设置主机名:
# echo archlinux > /etc/hostname
8. 修改时区与设置时间
[root@archiso etc]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime [root@archiso etc]# hwclock --systohc --utc #设置硬件时钟为UTC
9.设置字符集
取消 /etc/locale.gen 中的locale注释, 然后运行:
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
[root@archiso etc]# locale-gen
10.设置时区
设置自己喜好的时区在 /etc/locale.conf 或者 $HOME/.config/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE=C
LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8
SUPPORTED=zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en
在 /etc/vconsole.conf增加键盘和字体设置.
11.配置网络.
12.配置一些依赖的驱动 /etc/mkinitcpio.conf.
13.创建新的驱动内存盘:
# mkinitcpio -p linux
14.设置管理员密码:
# passwd
15.安装GRUB以及引导
UEFI
[root@archiso etc]# pacman -S grub efibootmgr
[root@archiso etc]# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=archlinux --recheck --debug
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
BIOS
[root@archiso etc]# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck --debug /dev/sda
Installation finished. No error reported.
16.生成引导配置文件并且重启
[root@archiso etc]# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
17.安装中文字体
[root@archiso etc]# pacman -S wqy-microhei wqy-microhei-lite wqy-bitmapfont wqy-zenhei ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts noto-fonts-cjk
18.安装vmware的一些驱动
[root@archiso /]# pacman -S open-vm-tools
19.退出
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # exit
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # umount /mnt/{boot/efi,}
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # reboot