ArchLinux的安装

1.分区
新硬盘在使用前，首先进行分区
查看现有的磁盘和分区

root@archiso ~ # cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

  11        0     677888 sr0
   8        0   20971520 sda
   7        0     558296 loop0

将磁盘转换为GTP分区，分一个UEFI分区出来，这里是512MB

root@archiso ~ # parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mklabel msdos     ---与上一行不能同时 ，这里对应mbr分区                                                                                                  
(parted) mkpart primary 1 512M                                            
(parted) print free                                                       
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
        17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB  Free Space
 1      1049kB  512MB   511MB                primary
        512MB   21.5GB  21.0GB  Free Space

(parted) mkpart primary 512 -1 
(parted) set 1 boot on                           
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

查看磁盘分区

root@archiso ~ # cfdisk
                                 Disk: /dev/sda
                         Size: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
                    Label: gpt, identifier: 626D962E-99F4-494E-9E29-F3E60167A6D4

    Device                    Start            End        Sectors        Size Type                  
>>  /dev/sda1                  2048         999423         997376        487M EFI System            
    /dev/sda2                999424       41940991       40941568       19.5G Linux filesystem

2.挂载必要的分区
格式化UEFI分区为FAT32格式，主目录为EXT4格式

root@archiso ~ # mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5117696 4k blocks and 1281120 inodes
Filesystem UUID: bb36fb49-3b9e-4225-9548-8f98c1df0cee
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

挂载分区

root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
root@archiso ~ # cd /mnt
root@archiso /mnt # mkdir -p boot/efi
root@archiso /mnt # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
root@archiso /mnt # cd /etc/pacman.d

3.修改镜像源到本地

root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # mv  mirrorlist{,.orig}
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # nano -w mirrorlist
Server = https://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

4.进行安装

root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware mdadm dhcpcd nano openssh

5.配置系统
生成fstab文件 (使用 -U or -L 来使用 UUID 或 labels):

# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

6.change root到新的系统中:

# arch-chroot /mnt

7.设置主机名:

# echo archlinux > /etc/hostname

8. 修改时区与设置时间

[root@archiso etc]#  ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@archiso etc]#  hwclock --systohc --utc  #设置硬件时钟为UTC

9.设置字符集
取消 /etc/locale.gen 中的locale注释, 然后运行:

zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

[root@archiso etc]# locale-gen

10.设置时区
设置自己喜好的时区在 /etc/locale.conf 或者 $HOME/.config/locale.conf

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE=C
LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8
SUPPORTED=zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en

在 /etc/vconsole.conf增加键盘和字体设置.

11.配置网络.

12.配置一些依赖的驱动 /etc/mkinitcpio.conf.

13.创建新的驱动内存盘:

# mkinitcpio -p linux

14.设置管理员密码:

# passwd

15.安装GRUB以及引导

UEFI
[root@archiso etc]# pacman -S grub efibootmgr
[root@archiso etc]# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=archlinux --recheck --debug
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.

BIOS
[root@archiso etc]# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck --debug /dev/sda
Installation finished. No error reported.

16.生成引导配置文件并且重启

[root@archiso etc]#  grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 

17.安装中文字体

[root@archiso etc]# pacman -S wqy-microhei wqy-microhei-lite wqy-bitmapfont wqy-zenhei ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts noto-fonts-cjk

18.安装vmware的一些驱动

[root@archiso /]# pacman -S open-vm-tools

19.退出

root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # exit
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # umount /mnt/{boot/efi,}
root@archiso /etc/pacman.d # reboot