和其他所有数据库一样,权限的管理都差不多一样。mongodb存储所有的用户信息在admin 数据库的集合system.users中,保存用户名、密码和数据库信息。mongodb默认不启用授权认证,只要能连接到该服务器,就可连接到mongod。若要启用安全认证,需要更改配置文件参数auth。
以下测试理解
查看数据库:
> show dbs
发现 admin 竟然没有,于是直接创建用户admin
use admin db.createUser( { user: "admin", pwd: "admin123456", roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] } )
成功创建,再查询admin中的集合,有数据了!
> show collections system.indexes system.users system.version
查看3个集合的信息:
> db.system.users.find(); { "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "cFISfpbm04pmIFpqiL340g==", "storedKey" : "WG1DSEEEHUZUBjsjsnEA4RFVY2M=", "serverKey" : "9Lm+IX6l9kfaE/4C25/ghsQpDkE=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } > > db.system.indexes.find(); { "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "admin.system.version" } { "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "admin.system.users" } { "v" : 1, "unique" : true, "key" : { "user" : 1, "db" : 1 }, "name" : "user_1_db_1", "ns" : "admin.system.users" } > > db.system.version.find(); { "_id" : "authSchema", "currentVersion" : 5 } >
3.0.3,mongodb加入了SCRAM-SHA-1校验方式,需要第三方工具配合进行验证,下面给出具体解决办法:
修改system.version文档里面的authSchema版本为3,初始安装时候是5,命令行如下:
> use admin switched to db admin > var schema = db.system.version.findOne({"_id" : "authSchema"}) > schema.currentVersion = 3 3 > db.system.version.save(schema) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
现在启用 auth:
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/mongod.conf
auth=true
3.0.8以上版本
security: authorization: enabled
重启 mongod 服务:
[root@localhost ~]# service mongod restart
直接默认登录,查看集合,发现无权操作了:
[root@localhost ~]# mongo
[root@localhost ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > show dbs 2015-05-09T21:57:03.176-0700 E QUERY Error: listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }", "code" : 13 } at Error () at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15) at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33) at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36) at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47 >
刚才在数据库 admin 创建了一个账户 admin ,先到数据admin进来连接(其他db则失败):
[root@localhost ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > > db.auth("admin","admin123456") Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > use log switched to db log > db.auth("admin","admin123456") Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth("admin","admin123456") 1 >
db.auth(“admin”,”admin123456″) 返回值为1,说明登录成功!~db.auth(“admin”,”admin123456″) 记录是不存在的,执行完后这一行在shell中不会记录历史。
所以现在创建另一个用户”zeno”
db.createUser( { user: "zeno", pwd: "zeno123456", roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "log" } ] } )
也可以增删角色:
#授予角色:db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: "", db: " " } ]) db.grantRolesToUser( "zeno" , [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "log" } ]) #取消角色:db.grantRolesToUser( "userName" , [ { role: " ", db: " " } ]) db.revokeRolesFromUser( "zeno" , [ { role: "readWrite", db: "log" } ])
因为在admin数据库创建的,只能在 admin 数据库中登录:
> db.auth("zeno","zeno123456") Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > > db log > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth("zeno","zeno"); 1 >
此时是可以切换到所在的数据库进行相关操作:
> use log switched to db log > > db.tab.save({"id":999}); WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > > db.tab.find({"id":999}); { "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 } > > show collections system.indexes tab >
在创建用户时可以在其数据库中创建,这样不用每次都进入admin数据库登录后再切换。如在数据库”log”创建用户”userkk”。
use admin db.auth("admin","admin123456") use log db.createUser( { user: "zeno", pwd: "zeno123456", roles: [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "log" } ] } ) db.auth("zeno","zeno123456")
现在授权测试:
#先访问到admin数据库
use admin db.auth("admin","admin123456")
#切换到 log ,在数据库 log 中创建角色
#roles: 创建角色”testRole”在数据库 “log” 中
#privileges: 该角色可查看”find”数据库”log”的所有集合
#db.dropRole(“testRole”)
use log db.createRole({ role: "testRole", privileges: [{ resource: { db: "log", collection: "" }, actions: [ "find" ] }], roles: [] })
#在admin数据库生成集合system.roles。查看角色。
> use admin switched to db admin > > show collections system.indexes system.roles system.users system.version > > db.system.roles.find(); { "_id" : "log.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "log", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "log", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] } >
#回到log,在数据库log中创建用户并授予角色”testRole”
#db.dropUser(“userkk”)
use log db.createUser( { user: "userkk", pwd: "userkk", roles: [ { role: "testRole", db: "log" } ] } )
退出mongodb,重新登录进行操作。发现只能使用find
>exit
[root@localhost ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2 connecting to: test > use log switched to db log > > db.auth("zeno","zeno123456") 1 > > db.tab.find({"id":999}) { "_id" : ObjectId("554ef5ac1b590330c00c7d02"), "id" : 999 } > > db.tab.insert({"id":1000}) WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on log to execute command { insert: \"tab\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('554f145cdf782b42499d80e5'), id: 1000.0 } ], ordered: true }" } }) >
给角色 “testRole” 添加3个 “Privileges”权限: “update”, “insert”, “remove”。再重新操作。
use admin db.auth("admin","admin123456") use log #添加Privileges给角色 db.grantPrivilegesToRole("testRole", [{ resource: { db: "log", collection: "" },actions: [ "update", "insert", "remove" ]} ]) exit #退出mongodb重新登录 use log db.auth("zeno","zeno123456") #增删数据可以操作了!~ db.tab.insert({"id":1000}) db.tab.find({"id":1000}) db.tab.remove({"id":1000}) #此时admin的角色记录为: > db.system.roles.find(); { "_id" : "log.testRole", "role" : "testRole", "db" : "log", "privileges" : [ { "resource" : { "db" : "log", "collection" : "" }, "actions" : [ "find", "insert", "remove", "update" ] } ], "roles" : [ ] } >
#更改角色 roles,把roles值全部更新。同样Privileges也可以更新替换!~
use admin db.auth("admin","admin123456") use log db.updateRole("testRole",{ roles:[{ role: "readWrite",db: "log"}]},{ w:"majority" }) db.auth("zeno","zeno123456") show dbs